Compare Indian Ocean (2002) - Andorra (2005)

Compare Indian Ocean (2002) z Andorra (2005)

	Indian Ocean (2002)	Andorra (2005)

Administrative divisions	-	7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 14.8% (male 5,471/female 4,995) 15-64 years: 71.5% (male 26,463/female 23,977) 65 years and over: 13.7% (male 4,780/female 4,863) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Airports	-	none (2004 est.)
Area	total: 68.556 million sq km note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, and other tributary water bodies	total: 468 sq km land: 468 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 5.5 times the size of the US	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south.	For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Birth rate	-	9 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $385 million expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997)
Capital	-	Andorra la Vella
Climate	northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean	temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Coastline	66,526 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993
Country name	-	conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra
Death rate	-	6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (93) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (93) 280-6175
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064 FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Disputes - international	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	none
Economy - overview	The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.	Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Electricity - consumption	-	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	-	NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Electricity - production	-	NA kWh
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m highest point: sea level 0 m	lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Environment - current issues	endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea	deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Hazardous Wastes signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Exchange rates	-	euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002); Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003), represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since NA) head of government: Executive Council President Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005) cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held April-May 2005) election results: Marc FORNE MOLNE elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA%
Exports	-	$58 million f.o.b. (1998)
Exports - commodities	-	tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners	-	Spain 58%, France 34% (2000)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	-	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $26,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	20 00 S, 80 00 E	42 30 N, 1 30 E
Geography - note	major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait	landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Highways	-	total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	$1.077 billion (1998)
Imports - commodities	-	consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners	-	Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000)
Independence	-	1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 4.05 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	4.3% (2000)
International organization participation	-	CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land	-	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Labor force	-	33,000 (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	-	total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Land use	-	arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (2001)
Languages	-	Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Legal system	-	based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held March-April 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%, PS 38.1%, CDA 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA 14, PS 12, CDA 2
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 83.51 years male: 80.6 years female: 86.6 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia	Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Map references	Political Map of the World	Europe
Maritime claims	-	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	-	registered in other countries: 1
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military branches	-	no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
National holiday	-	Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Nationality	-	noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran
Natural hazards	occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches	avalanches
Natural resources	oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules	hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Net migration rate	-	6.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerly Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic Party or PS (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [Mariona GONZALEZ REOLIT]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	-	70,549 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	0.95% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)	-
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	-	Roman Catholic (predominant)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: NA domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain
Telephones - main lines in use	-	35,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	23,500 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	-	0 (1997)
Terrain	surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge	rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Total fertility rate	-	1.29 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	0% (1996 est.)

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